Inflants are part of the territory of today's Latvia, also known as the Duchy of Inflants or the Province of Inflants, which was established in 1620. The Peace of Oliva, which ended the Swedish Deluge, stipulated that "the part of South Inflants, which during past and present wars, as well as during breaks in war, has always belonged to the Republic of Poland, that is, Dyneburg, Rositsyn, Lutzen, Marienhausen [...] as well as all places, which from the commissioners appointed for this end shall show themselves to have been in the hands of the Republic of Poland during the break in war, (...) with all lordship and complete dominion in the possession of the Most Exalted Majesty of Poland, the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of the Republic of Latvia. Kings and the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania will remain"”.

It was after the Peace of Oliva that the name Polish Inflants began to function, when Latgale, as the only part of Inflants, remained within the borders of the Republic.

Today, Latgale is part of Latvia, but for centuries it was a territory belonging to Poland, which, as a result of the first partition in 1772, was annexed to Czarist Russia.

The largest city in Latgale is Dyneburg, the main concentration of Poles in Latvia